Unveiling Tuberculosis: Signs, Symptoms, Prevention, and Busting Common Myths

Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious disease that continues to challenge global health, especially in countries like Nigeria. Although it’s both preventable and treatable, misconceptions about TB often lead to delays in seeking proper care. At UMC Zhahir Hospital, we believe that understanding TB, its symptoms, prevention, and debunking myths is critical for safeguarding your health.

In this blog, we will explore the signs and symptoms of TB, effective prevention methods, and clear up some common myths surrounding the disease.

What Is Tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body. It’s transmitted through the air when a person with active TB coughs, sneezes, or even talks, releasing the bacteria into the environment.

Signs and Symptoms of Tuberculosis

Recognizing TB early can make all the difference in its treatment. The most common symptoms of pulmonary (lung) TB include:

Persistent Cough – If you have a cough lasting more than three weeks, it could be a sign of TB, especially if it is accompanied by blood or mucus.
 

• Chest Pain – Pain in the chest when coughing or breathing deeply is another symptom.
• Unexplained Weight Loss – Sudden, significant weight loss without a clear cause may indicate TB.
• Fever and Chills – Recurring fever, particularly at night, is often associated with TB. This may be accompanied by sweating, especially night sweats.
• Fatigue – Feeling constantly tired or weak without engaging in strenuous activities is a common symptom of TB.
• Loss of Appetite – A reduced desire to eat, along with unexplained weight loss, may point to TB.

Myths and Facts About Tuberculosis

There are several misconceptions surrounding TB, and these myths can prevent people from seeking timely medical help. Let’s clear up some of the most common ones:

Myth 1: TB only affects the lungs.
Fact: While TB often attacks the lungs, it can affect other organs such as the kidneys, brain, and spine. This is known as extrapulmonary TB.

Myth 2: TB is a disease of the past.
Fact: TB still exists today and remains a major health issue in many countries, including Nigeria. While advancements in medicine have made treatment more accessible, TB still infects millions each year.

Myth 3: Once you’re infected with TB, there’s nothing you can do.
Fact: TB is both preventable and treatable. Early diagnosis and a complete course of treatment can effectively cure TB.

Myth 4: You can get TB by shaking hands or sharing food with someone who has it.
Fact: TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, but casual contact like shaking hands or sharing meals doesn’t transmit the disease.

How to Prevent Tuberculosis

While TB is treatable, prevention is always better than cure. Here are some key prevention strategies:
 

• Get Vaccinated – The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is an effective way to protect infants and young children from severe forms of TB. It is commonly administered in countries with high TB incidence, like Nigeria.
• Avoid Close Contact with TB Patients – If someone has active TB, avoiding prolonged exposure is essential. If contact is necessary, wearing masks can help reduce the risk of transmission.
• Maintain Good Ventilation – TB spreads in enclosed spaces with poor air circulation. Make sure to ventilate your home and workplace properly, especially in crowded settings.
• Complete TB Treatment – One of the most important aspects of TB prevention is ensuring that those diagnosed with the disease complete their full course of treatment. Stopping treatment prematurely can lead to drug-resistant TB, which is much harder to treat.

Conclusion

Tuberculosis remains a significant health challenge in Nigeria, but with increased awareness, proper medical care, and breaking the myths, we can tackle it effectively.

Early diagnosis and timely treatment are key in managing the disease and preventing its spread.

At UMC Zhahir Hospital, we provide comprehensive care for TB, from early screening to effective treatment.

If you or someone you know experiences any signs of TB, don’t hesitate to visit our facility for professional medical advice and care. Stay informed, stay healthy, and help dispel the myths about TB in your community.