At UMC Zhahir Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, we strive to provide accurate and accessible health information to help you make informed decisions about your well-being. One such critical topic is the Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that affects individuals of all ages, particularly young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

In this blog, we’ll explore what HMPV is, its symptoms, and practical ways to stay protected.

What is HMPV?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, known for causing illnesses like RSV and measles. Discovered in 2001, HMPV is now a recognized cause of respiratory infections globally, including here in Nigeria.

Though the virus often results in mild cold-like symptoms, it can escalate to severe illnesses such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and worsening of asthma or chronic lung conditions.

Symptoms of HMPV

HMPV symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the individual’s age and health status.

Common Symptoms:

• Fever
• Cough
• Runny or blocked nose
• Sore throat
• Fatigue
• Difficulty breathing

Severe Symptoms:

• Wheezing
• Rapid or labored breathing
• Chest pain
• Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin or lips)
• Increased lethargy, especially in children

In children and infants, symptoms can manifest as poor feeding, irritability, and lack of energy. For older adults or individuals with preexisting health conditions, complications like pneumonia or exacerbation of chronic illnesses are more likely.

How Does HMPV Spread?

The HMPV virus is highly contagious and spreads through:

• Respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
• Direct contact with an infected person, such as a handshake.
• Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.

HMPV is most contagious during the early days of infection, even before noticeable symptoms appear.

Who is Most at Risk?

While anyone can contract HMPV, certain groups are more vulnerable to severe infections, including:

• Infants and children under 5 years
• Adults over 65 years
• People with weakened immune systems
• Individuals with asthma, COPD, or other chronic conditions

Diagnosing and Treating HMPV

If you or a loved one suspect an HMPV infection, the medical team at UMC Zhahir Hospital can provide an accurate diagnosis through physical examinations and laboratory tests, such as a nasal swab.

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Care focuses on relieving symptoms and may include:

• Adequate rest and hydration
• Over-the-counter medications for fever and body aches
• Supplemental oxygen therapy for severe cases

Preventing HMPV

Prevention plays a vital role in reducing the risk of HMPV. Follow these steps to protect yourself and your family:

• Wash your hands regularly: Use soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
• Avoid close contact with individuals showing symptoms of respiratory infections.
• Clean and disinfect surfaces: Focus on frequently touched items like doorknobs, phones, and toys.
• Practice proper respiratory etiquette: Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing.
• Strengthen your immunity: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep are crucial.

When to Seek Medical Attention

You should visit UMC Zhahir Hospital if you notice:

• Persistent breathing difficulties
• A high fever that does not subside
• Symptoms worsening over time
• Signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth or reduced urination

Conclusion

HMPV is a common but often overlooked respiratory virus that can lead to serious health concerns if not addressed in time. By staying informed and adopting preventive measures, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from its impact.

At UMC Zhahir Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, our expert medical team is here to provide comprehensive care for all your healthcare needs. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of HMPV or any respiratory illness, don’t hesitate to reach out to us today.